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4.Education in Britain.
|
class |
school |
age |
|
nursery school playgroup or kindergarten |
3 4 | |
|
reception class year 1 |
infant school |
5 6 |
|
year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 year 6 |
primary school junior school |
7 8 9 10 11 |
|
year 7 year 8 year 9 year 10 year 11 |
secondary school |
12 13 14 15 16 |
|
year 12 year 13 |
sixth form college |
17 18 |
|
first year (fresher) second year third/final year |
University or Polytechnic |
19 20 21 |
|
postgraduate |
University |
23 |
5.Pre-primary and Primary Education.
In some of England there are nursery schools for children under 5 years of age. Some children between two and five receive education in nursery classes or in infants’ classes in primary schools. Many children attend informal pre-school playgroups organized by parents in private homes. Nursery schools are staffed with teachers and students in training. There are all kinds of toys to keep the children busy from 9 o’clock in the morning till 4 o’clock in the afternoon while their parents are at work. Here the babies play, lunch and sleep. They can run about and play in safety with someone keeping an eye on them.
For day nurseries, which remain open all the year round, the parents pay according to their income. The local education authority’s nurseries are free. But only about three children in 100 can go to them: there aren’t enough places and the waiting lists are rather long.
Most children start school at five in primary school. A primary school may be divided into two parts-infants and juniors. At infants school reading, writing and arithetic are taught for about 20 minutes a day during the first year, gradually increasing to about 2 hours in their last year. There is usually no written timetable. Much time is spent in modeling from clay or drawing, reading or singing.
By the time children are ready for the junior school they will be able to read and write, do simple addition and subtraction of numbers.
At seven children go on from the infants’ school to the junior school. This marks the transition from play to “real work”. The children have set periods of arithetic, reading and composition which are all Eleven Plus subjects. History, Geography, Nature Study, Art and Music, Physical Education, Swimming are also on the timetable.
Pupils are streamed, according to their ability to learn into, A, B, C and D streams. The least gifted are in the D stream. Formerly towards the end of their fourth year the pupils wrote their Eleven Plus Examination. The hated 11 + examination was a selective procedure on which not only the pupil’s future schooling but their future careers depended. The abolition of selection at Eleven plus Examination brought to life comprehensive schools where pupils can get secondary education.
Реферат опубликован: 12/01/2010