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Legislative body: Parliament. Houses: the House of Lords and of Commons.
Head of the state: the Queen. Head of the Government: Prime Minister.
GB is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the Queen, but her power is limited by Parliament. In practice the country is governed by the Government in the name of the Queen. In reality the whole political power belongs to B. Government consisting of the Prime Minister and other ministers. All the ministers in the B. Government must be appointed by the Queen, but in fact she makes the appointment on the Prime Minister’s advice
The legislative power is vested in the Queen and Parliament. Parliament is made up of two Houses—the House of Lords and the House of Commons, the supreme legislative body. At presents all legislation is initiated by the Cabinet, which consists of the heads of the most important Departments.
The House of Commons is elected at General elections which are to take place every 5 years. The House of Lords is not elected—the titles and the seats are inherited there, but now is elected body.
The leader of the party that has won the election and has the majority in the House of Commons forms the Cabinet and becomes the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is responsible for the policy conducted by Parliament.
Two parties at dominate at the election in GB: the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labor Party. The Party which has majority in the House of Commons is called the Government and the others—the opposition.
The Conservative Party represents the interests of big business and is described as the Party of upper and middle classes.
The Labor Party is composed mainly of trade union members. Members of Parliament are elected by direct and secret ballot. Citizens of 18 years and other have the right to vote. At a general election a person votes for the labor candidate, or for the Conservative candidate, or for the candidate for some other party.
About one-third of the people support the Labor Party all the time, another third the—Conservatives. The last third consists of people who are ready to change from one of these parties to the other.
Support for the Conservative Party is associated with a belief in the traditional basis of society, strong respect for the Royal Family and the privileged class.
The UK is a member of the European Economic County.
THE INVESTIGATOR.
In accordance with national legislation, all criminal cases pass through the stage of preliminary investigation before they are heard in Court.
The Procurator’s Office, the Ministry of the Interior and the National Security Service have their own investigation departments. Their competence is briefly as follows:
Investigators from the Procurator’s Office have the right to investigate any case, but in actual fact they carry out inquires into the gravest crimes, such as murder, embezzlement on a large scale, rape, banditry etc and also in the cases if malfeasance;
Investigators from the Ministry of the Interior have the right to institute proceedings against persons who have committed any crime, but in cases of grave crimes they only perform urgent action and then transfer the case to the investigators of the Procurator’s Office;
Investigators from the National Security Service investigate cases of espionage and other especially dangerous crimes against the state.
The investigator’s job is to detect crimes, to disclose and expose persons, guilty of them so that every person who commits a crime shall suffer a just punishment and no innocent person shall be charged or punished, to ascertain all the circumstances of cases and to take crime preventing measures.
While fulfilling his duties, the investigator has the right to detain a person suspected of a crime. He may question citizens and officials as witnesses to the crime, make requisite search and inspections, order an expert investigation, etc. he may undertake other actions proved for by the criminal procedure law.
The investigator’s job is to prepare the materials of the case for court hearing.
The preliminary investigation is called upon to facilitate the objective and comprehensive administration of Justice.
UKRAINE.
OFFICIAL NAME-UKRAINE
STATUS- SOVEREIGN STATE
AREA-603,700square kilometers
CAPITAL—KIEV
Ukraine is one of the largest countries of Europe. It is one of the memberstates that founded the UNO. Ukraine signed the UN’s Charter at the San Francisco Conference in 1945.
On December, 1, 1991 Ukraine became an independed sovereign state and the president was elected by direct vote.
Now Ukraine has its own territory, the highest and local bodies of state power and the government, its own national emblem, state flag and anthem.
President is the head of the state. He is also Commander-in-Chief of Armed Forces of Ukraine. Vice-President is appointed by President and approved by the Supreme Council.
Ðåôåðàò îïóáëèêîâàí: 21/01/2010