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An attribute expressed by the PII may be detached (отделён); in this case it often has an additional meaning of an adverbial modifier: The housekeeper had come out of her room, attracted by the violent ringing of the ball. (Экономка вышла из своей комнаты, привлечённая неистовым звоном колокольчика.)
Adverbial modifier.
Of time
Condition
Comparison
Concession (уступка)
PII preceded by the conjunctions when, while, if, as thought, etc.
When guestonied Annie had implied vaguely…that she was anxious about her brother-in-law. (Когда Энни стали расспрашивать, она дала понять, что беспокоится о своём шурине).
It was a dreadful thing that he now proposed, a breach of the law which, if discovered, would bring them into the police court. То, что он предлагал, было ужасно: это было нарушение закона, и, если бы оно открылось, их отдали бы под суд.
As if torn with inner conflict & indecision, he cried.Он плакал, словно его мучили внутренняя борьба и сомнения.
Her spirit, though crushed, wasn’t broken-хотя она и не была подавлена, но не была сломлена.
Predicative
In spite of himself, he was impressed. На него это произвело впечатление, помимо его воли.
Part of a complex object
She has found me unaltered; but I have found her changed. Она нашла, что я ничуть не изменился, а я нашёл, что она изменилась.
The Objective Participle Construction is a construction in which the participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case.
It may be found:
After verbs denoting sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, to find, etc): Then he looked out of the window & saw clouds gathering. I heard my wife coming. She could feel her hands trembling exceedingly. I saw the pony harnessed myself. You will probably find your sister grown.
After some verbs of mental activity: to consider, to understand: I consider myself engaged to Herr Klemser.
After verbs denoting wish, such as to want, to wish, to desire. In this case only Participle II is used. The governor wants it done quick.
After the verbs to have & to get, only PII is used. In this case the Objective Participial Construction shows that the action expressed by the participle is performed at the request of the person denoted by the subject of the sentence: Thus I had the piano tuned means “I made someone tune the piano”. He had several bottles of wine brought. Ему принесли несколько бутылок вина. In interrogative & negative sentences the auxiliary verb to do is used: Why don’t you have your hair waved? (Почему вы не сделаете завивку?).
The subjective Participial Construction.
The construction in which the participle (mostly the PI) is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or to a pronoun in the nominative case, which is the subject of the sentence.
In rendering this construction in Russian a complex sentence is generally used; the principal clause is of the type which in Russian syntax is called «неопределённо-личное предложение».
The peculiarity of this construction is that it doesn’t serve as one part of the sentence: one of its component parts has the function of the subject, the other forms part of a compound verbal predicate:
They were hard talking together.
This construction is chiefly used after the verbs of sense perception:
The horse was seen descending the hill-Видно было, как лошадь спускалась с холма.
Реферат опубликован: 16/08/2006