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Table 5.2 Volumes of Russian Foreign Trade with Countries Outside Former Soviet Union in Value Terms (without unorganized trade, US$ billions)
Source: Ministry of Economy of RF.
|
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 | |||||
|
$ billion |
In % to previous year |
$ billion |
In % to previous year |
$ billion |
In % to previous year |
$ billion |
In % to previous year | |
|
Foreign trade turnover |
79.4 |
83.2 |
71.1 |
89.5 |
79.8 |
112.2 |
97.6 |
122.3 |
|
Exports |
42.4 |
83.3 |
44.3 |
104.5 |
51.5 |
116.1 |
64.3 |
125.1 |
|
Imports |
37.0 |
83.1 |
26.8 |
72.4 |
28.3 |
105.7 |
33.3 |
117.4 |
|
Balance |
5.4 |
87.1 |
17.5 |
324.0 |
23.2 |
132.0 |
31.0 |
133.0 |
An increase in internal productional costs, first of all at the expense of energy and raw materials, more expensive loans, growing transport expenses, aging production assets in extractive and processing branches, deteriorating productional situation contributed to diminishing effectiveness of export transactions. At present only export of natural gas, oil, nickel, timber and lumber are profitable. Export of oil products, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals begins to bring losses. However, due to worsening financial situation of Russian enterprises and growing payment arrears exporters prefer to have hard currencies even at declining or altogether negative profitability of exports.
The most dynamic and growing market of the Russian Federation are industrialized Western countries. The largest share of Russian exports goes to Germany (9.1 percent). The USA account for 6.9 percent, Switzerland--for 5.8 percent, Italy--for 5.6 percent, Japan--for 5.5 percent, Netherlands -- for 4.9 percent, Great Britain -- for 4.7 percent and Finland--for 4 percent of Russian exports.
The pattern of Russian imports has not been changed considerably. As before, machines and equipment were ranked first and accounted for a 38 percent share of the total imports which grew by 23 percent in comparison with 1994. It was caused by a necessity to provide key branches of the national economy with modern technologies and equipment.
A decline in agriculture followed by deteriorating provision of the populace with domestic-made foodstuffs has led to an expansion of food imports. Such measures as a rise of import duty rates, introduction of excises and of value added tax, abolition of preferences concerning import tariffs, which have been taken lately, contributed to an increase in internal prices of imported goods thus creating prerequisites to restrain imports. However, stabilization of ruble somewhat compensated for the negative impact of growing import duties and excises and helped to increase imports.
Реферат опубликован: 22/03/2010