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English traders from the Carolinas and Georgia traded with the Indians during the late 1600's, but the English made no permanent settlements in Alabama at that time. In 1702 the French established Fort Louis on Mobile Bay. This settlement was moved, in 1711, to the present site of Mobile. It became the first permanent white settlement in what is now Alabama.
During the 1700's the French and the British fought over the territory of which Alabama was a part. After the French and Indian War, the Treaty of Paris, in 1763, gave the territory to England. Spain, Georgia, and the Carolinas still argued over who owned the land. It was not until 1813 that all of what is now Alabama passed into undisputed possession of the United States and became part of the Mississippi Territory.
After 1800 more and more settlers came into Alabama from the states on the Atlantic Coast. The invention of the cotton gin and the growth of the cotton textile industry in England made cotton a valuable crop. The settlers grew cotton on most of the land that they cleared. But settling the territory was not without its perils. Much of the good farmland was already being used by the Indians, whose ways of living easily adapted to the settlers' ways. The Indians resisted the theft of their lands. The Creeks, who held more than half the land in the
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IMPORTANT DATES 1540 Hernando de Soto marched across Alabama, exploring and searching for gold. 1559 Tristan de Luna, Spanish colonizer, started a temporary settlement on Mobile Bay. 1699 An expedition under the. French explorer Pierre Lemoyne, Sieur d'lberville, explored the coast and claimed the area for France. 1702 Pierre Lemoyne's brother, Jean Baptiste Lemoyne, Sieur de Bienville, founded Fort Louis de la Mobile. 1711 The French moved Fort Louis to the present site of Mobile. 1763 At the end of the French and Indian War, France gave the area east of the Mississippi River, including Alabama, to Great Britain. 1783 After the Revolutionary War, Great Britain gave the Mobile area to Spain and the rest of Alabama to the United States. 1813 United States captured Mobile and added it to the Mississippi Territory. 1814 General Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians. 1817 Congress created the Alabama Territory. 1819 Alabama admitted to Union December 14, as 22nd state. 1847 Montgomery became state capital. 1861 Alabama seceded from the Union January 11 and formed the Republic of Alabama, which lasted until February 8, when Alabama joined the Confederacy. 1868 Alabama re-admitted to the Union. 1875 A new constitution adopted, ending the period of Reconstruction. 1888 First steel produced in Birmingham. 1901 Present state constitution adopted. 1944 First petroleum produced near Gilbertown. 1949 Redstone Arsenal, at Huntsville, became a center for rocket and missile research. 1970 Black Alabamians won seats (two) In the state legislature for the first time since Reconstruction. 1981 Tuskegee Institute celebrated its 100th anniversary. |
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especially bitter. They sided with the British in the War of 1812. The Indians raided Fort Mims and killed several hundred settlers. In a final battle at Horseshoe Bend, the Creeks were defeated, and before long they were moved out of the territory. The Cherokees, who had remained neutral in the war, were later moved from their lands. They were the most progressive of the Indian tribes. They lived in brick houses, grew cotton, raised rattle, and even had a written language.
Реферат опубликован: 17/09/2007