Ñòðàíèöà: 13/23
“cut and run” – “ ñïàñàòüñÿ áåãñòâîì”
“to row against the tide” – “ ðàáîòàòü â íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûõ óñëîâèÿõ ”
“to sail close to the wind” – “ðèñêîâàòü ñâîèì ïîëîæåíèåì”
“to go on right tack” – “áûòü íà ïðàâèëüíîì ïóòè”
“I’ll let go your arm – and then cut and run for your life!”(W.Scott,
”The Pirate”, ch. XXXV).
“I’m not going to be fool enough to row against wind and tide too. I’m good enough for her, I hope, but if I am, you are better.”(Ch.Kingsley, ”WestWard Ho!”, ch. 1V).
“He realized that … he was sailing rather close to the wind financially…”(Th.Dreiser, “The Financier”, ch. XXI)
III ãðóïïà – ãëàãîëû àêòèâíîãî âëèÿíèÿ íà îáúåêò: to bring, put, lay, make, give, trim, show, haul, hoist, drop, break.
“to trim one’s sails to the wind” – “ïðèñïîñàáëèâàòüñÿ”
“to cut the cable” – “óäðàòü”
“to break ground” – “íà÷àòü îñóùåñòâëåíèå êàêîãî-ëèáî ïðîåêòà”
“to give leeway” – “ïîçâîëèòü ñäåëàòü ÷òî-ëèáî”
“to haul in one’s sail” – “æèòü ñêðîìíåå”
“to turn the tide” – “ èçìåíèòü õîä ñîáûòèé”
“Could I thus, as it were not exhaust my subject, but so much as break ground upon it.”(Th.Carlyle, “On Heroes”, 1)
“If we are to start to call things by their names again, we shall have a lot of leeway to make up, a most indecent dogfight to engage in with the literary pundits by the side of which Victor Hugo’s and Keat’s Battles will appear puny indeed …”(R.Fox,”The Novel ans The People”, ch. II)
“But her answer turned the tide of their acquaintance.”(U.Sinclair, “King Coal”, ch. 7)
IV ãðóïïà – ãëàãîëû ñ ñåìàíòèêîé îâëàäåíèÿ: to get, to have, take, hold, catch, keep.
“to catch the boat” – “íå îïîçäàòü”
“to have smb. in tow” – “èìåòü ïîä ñâîèì ïîêðîâèòåëüñòâîì”
“ Now that she has the Buccaneer in tow, she doesn’t care twopence about you, and you’ll find it out.”(J.Galsworthy, “The Man of Property”, p. I, chV)
“Yes, sir, I’ve always admired your pluck, sir. ”, “Um! Very good of you to say so. ”, “Always think of you keepin the flag flyin, sir.”(J.Galsworthy, “Caravan”, “A Stoic”)
Ãëàãîëüíûå êîìïîíåíòû âñåõ ñåìàíòè÷åñêèõ ãðóïï õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ âûñîêîé àêòèâíîñòüþ, ÷òî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ îñîáåííîñòÿìè ñåìàíòèêè ãëàãîëîâ, îáëàäàþùèõ êàê øèðîêèì, òàê è îãðàíè÷åííûì ñåìàíòè÷åñêèì ïîòåíöèàëîì. Äàííûå ãëàãîëû îáîçíà÷àþò ðàçëè÷íûå ïðîöåññóàëüíûå ñòîðîíû ðåàëüíîãî ìèðà è ìîãóò àêòèâíî ñî÷åòàòüñÿ ñ íàçâàíèÿìè ÷àñòåé ïàðóñíîãî ñóäíà, ñîçäàâàòü øèðîêèå âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ñåìàíòè÷åñêèõ òðàíñôîðìàöèé.
Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü øèðîêîå óïîòðåáëåíèå ãëàãîëîâ ðàçãîâîðíîãî ñòèëÿ â ñîñòàâå ÌÔ. Íàïðèìåð:
“to let out a reef” – “óâåëè÷èòü ðàñõîäû”
“to coil up one’s ropes” – “óìåðåòü”
“to come off with flying colours” – “âûéòè ïîáåäèòåëåì, îäåðæàòü ïîáåäó”
“to bear down up on smb.” – “íàáðîñèòüñÿ íà êàêî-ëèáî, ðóãàòü”
Ãëàãîëüíûé êîìïîíåíò ÿâëÿåòñÿ äèíàìè÷åñêîé ÷àñòüþ ÌÔ. Îí âûïîëíÿåò ïðåäèêàòèâíóþ ôóíêöèþ è ñëóæèò ãðàììàòè÷åñêèì ÿäðîì ÌÔ.
 çàâèñèìîñòè îò õàðàêòåðà ìîðñêîãî ôðàçåîëîãèçìà, â êîíòåêñòå ðåàëèçóåòñÿ òà èëè èíàÿ ãðàììàòè÷åñêàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ãëàãîëüíîãî êîìïîíåíòà – êàòåãîðèÿ âðåìåíè, íàïðèìåð:
“I know the people. I know the ropes, if you don’t mind me saying so.”(J.B.Priesley, “Angel Pavement”, ch. III)
“When the decks had thus been cleared of every encumbrance, they chose Fairfax as their Captain-General…”(G.M/Trevelyan, “History of Enfland”, b. IV,
ch. III)
“Look here, Gus, - if I find you deceiving me I’ll throw you overboard as sure as I’m living woman.”(A.Trollope, KD)
Âïîëíå çàêîíîìåðíî, ÷òî íå êàæäûé ãëàãîëüíûé êîìïîíåíò ÌÔ ìîæåò ðåàëèçîâàòü â êîíòåêñòå âñå ñâîè êàòåãîðèàëüíî-ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå âîçìîæíîñòè. Íàïðèìåð, ÔÌ
“to have been in a storm” – “ïîäâûïèâøèé, ïüÿíûé”
èìååò ëèøü ïåðôåêòèâíóþ, çàëîãîâóþ ôîðìó, èìåþùóþ ðåçóëüòàòèâíîå çíà÷åíèå.
Ãëàãîëüíûå êîìïîíåíòû ÌÔ óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ òàê æå è âî âñåõ âèäîâðåìåííûõ ôîðìàõ â ðàçëè÷íûõ ðå÷åâûõ ñèòóàöèÿõ. Íàïðèìåð:
“He realized that … he was sailing rather close to the wind financially…”(Th.Dreiser, “The Financier”, ch. LXXI)
Ðåôåðàò îïóáëèêîâàí: 29/07/2007